What Is Grain Alcohol and How Is It Used in Spirits

Grain alcohol is a purified form of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) made from the distillation of fermented grain. The ethanol is produced via fermentation of sugars in the grain by yeast prior to repeated distillation or rectification. The term grain alcohol may be used to refer to any ethanol produced from grain or another agricultural origin (as in beer or vodka) or it may be reserved to describe alcohol that is at least 90% pure (e.g., Everclear). Grain alcohol is a colorless liquid with the chemical formula C2H5OH or C2H6O. Grain alcohol is considered a neutral spirit, meaning it has no added flavor. Most people would say purified alcohol has a medicinal flavor and a slightly chemical odor. It is flammable and volatile. Grain alcohol is a central nervous system depressant and neurotoxin.  Ethanol is the  type of alcohol  found in alcoholic beverages and used as a recreational drug, but it is also used as a solvent, antiseptic, fuel, and in various industrial applications. Also Known As: Everclear (brand name), Century (brand name), Gem Clear (brand name), pure alcohol, absolute alcohol, EtOH, pure grain alcohol (PGA), pure neutral spirits (PNS), rectified spirit, rectified alcohol Why Grain Alcohol Isnt 100 Percent Pure Grain alcohol is commonly bottled at 151-proof (75.5 percent alcohol by volume or ABV) and 190-proof (95 percent ABV or about 92.4 percent ethanol by weight). The 190-proof version is prohibited in many U.S. states and other locations because its considered too easy for people to get alcohol poisoning using the product. There is no 200-proof (100 percent ABV) grain alcohol for human consumption because of azeotropic effects during the distillation process. Fractional distillation can only concentrate ethanol at a ratio of 96 alcohol to 4 water, by weight. To further purify ethanol from grain alcohol or another source, its necessary to add an entraining agent, such as benzene, heptane, or cyclohexane. The addition forms a new azeotrope that has a lower boiling point and is made of ethyl alcohol, water, and the entraining agent. Water-free ethanol may be obtained by removing the lower-boiling azeotrope, but contamination by the entraining agent makes the alcohol unfit for human consumption (not to mention, pure alcohol is of itself highly toxic). At lower pressures (less than 70 torr or 9.3 kPa), there isnt an azeotrope and its possible to distill absolute alcohol from an ethanol-water mixture. However, this procedure (vacuum distillation) is not presently economically viable. Of course, grain alcohol may be further purified by simply adding a desiccant or using a molecular sieve to remove the water. Grain Alcohol and Gluten There is some disagreement about whether or not grain alcohol, under any definition, causes problems for people with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity. From a chemical standpoint, whiskey (usually made from rye), vodka (usually made with wheat), and Everclear (typically made from corn) do not contain gluten because of the distillation process. Yet, there are reports of people experiencing problems. When a reaction  occurs, it could result from contamination at the processing facility or because a grain product was added back into the product. The gluten zein in corn is typically well-tolerated by people with celiac disease, so grain alcohol from that source should be fine. Alcohol from another source, such as grapes or potatoes, presents another option.

Essay on Dramatic Tension in The Crucible - 4287 Words

Dramatic Tension in The Crucible The play, ‘The Crucible’, illustrates how people react to mass hysteria created by a person or group of people, as people did during the McCarthy hearings of the 1950s and the Salem witch hunts of 1962. Many Americans were wrongly accused of being Communist sympathizers. The activities of the House of Un-American Activities Committee began to be linked with the witchcraft trials that had taken place in the town of Salem. This provided Miller with the catalyst to write ‘The Crucible’. Without the knowledge of the McCarthy hearings and the Salem witch hunts, ‘The Crucible’ may be seen as a melodrama and the events in the play, sensationalised. It is not a melodrama because it is not overly dramatic; the†¦show more content†¦Parris: †¦I saw Tituba waving her arms over the fire when I came on you†¦screeching and gibberish coming from her mouth. Abigail: She always sings her Barbados songs, and we dance.’ They are found out because Parris finds them and jumps out from a bush startling the girls. Betty faints and has not yet recovered, as she is afraid they will be punished. Mr. and Mrs. Putnam enter during Parris’ interrogation of Abigail and we soon learn that Mrs. Putnam delights in others’ misfortunes due to the number she has experienced herself. When she sees Betty lying unresponsive on the bed, she grips on to the idea that witchcraft may have a role in this incident. ‘Mrs. Putnam (full of breath, shiny-eyed): It is a marvel. It is surely a stroke of hell upon you. Parris: No, Goody Putnam, it is- Mrs. Putnam: Why, it’s sure she did. Mr. Collins saw her goin’ over Ingersoll’s barn, and come down light as a bird, he says!’ The way she cuts Parris off while he is speaking, shows her excitement at the possibility of witches. It also shows how she is unwilling to listen to common sense and rationale. Her response indicates to the audience that there is more behaviour like this to come. Mrs. Putnam continues pursuing her idea of witchcraft being present in the town and after a while Parris is forced to go down and reassure and the crowd which is growing outside his house. Now it is just Abigail, Betty and Mary Warren on stage. Abigail tries to wake Betty up andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Dramatic Tension in The Crucible by Miller2946 Words   |  12 PagesDramatic Tension in The Crucible by Miller The Crucible Coursework Excitement, nervousness, stress, anxiety, suspense, unease, and apprehension are all forms of dramatic tension that Miller creates throughout the Crucible. Dramatic tension is created by Miller throughout the Crucible in many ways. Straightaway, the title of the play, â€Å"the Crucible† implies to the audience of the tension that is to come in the play. Miller names the play â€Å"the Crucible† to represent the puritanical societyRead MoreDramatic Irony in the Crucible862 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 10, essay The Crucible, option 2 In â€Å"The Crucible†, Arthur Miller uses dramatic irony to create anxiety, frustration and to demonstrate the tension between the people about the lies of witchcraft in Salem. I. The author creates tension in the story by using Abigail who accuses innocent people of witchery. 1.) Abigail wants Elizabeth to get hanged so she can be back with John again. 2.) Abigail turns herself against Mary Warren after she confessed in court. II. The author createsRead More‘The Crucible’ as an Allegory for McCarthyism Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pages‘The Crucible’ is an allegory. An allegory is a story with an obvious meaning but if you look deeper into it, there is another meaning. In this case, the obvious meaning is the Salem witch-hunt and the hidden meaning is McCarthyism. McCarthyism started in the early 1950’s and it was governmental accusations with no evidence. Joseph McCarthy started doing trials on those he thought were communist, but he had no evidence for it. This is the same as the witch trials in The Crucible. Arthur Miller wroteRead More Analyze how Arthur Miller creates dramatic tension at the end of Act 31300 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyze how Arthur Miller creates dramatic tension at the end of Act 3 of The Crucible. During this essay, I will be explaining how Arthur Miller creates dramatic tension at thee end of Act 3 of his novel, The Crucible. I will be organizing this essay in paragraphs by points. Here are the main points I will be analyzing: - Setting - Stage Directions - Characters and Language - Comparing thee witch trials to the McCarthyism Proctor brings Mary to court and tells Judge DanforthRead MoreEssay about Themes in The Crucible1294 Words   |  6 PagesThemes in The Crucible In the crucible Arthur Miller takes the chilling story of the Salem witch hunt in 1692 and combines it with the issues of McCarthyism in the 1950s. The play reflects Miller’s ideas and opinions about McCarthyism and what he thinks are the similarities to the Salem witch hunts. Proctor is the main character Millers uses to reflect the unfairness of the Salem and McCarthy trials and how the truth died in the 1950s. This makes Proctor’s role very dramatic and excitingRead MoreHow Does Arthur Miller Create Drama and Tension in Act 1 of ‘the Crucible’?1661 Words   |  7 PagesHow does Arthur Miller create drama and tension in Act 1 of ‘The Crucible’? The Crucible is a play, which explores the witch- hunting hysteria that happened in Salem 1692. Miller uses this â€Å"organized mass-hysteria†[1] to comment on his own similar experience during the 1950s. Through â€Å"The Crucible†, Miller is able to draw an analogy between the hysteria of the Salem witch-trails and its modern parallel of the anti communist ‘witch-hunts’ which occurred due to the HUAC-House of un-American CommitteeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesconfessions of a meeting with the devil, continuing with declaring a reunification with Jesus, and ending with of course, accusing others of witchcraft. The false confessions favor the dishonest and are motivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. TheRead MoreThe Bravest of Individuals Is One Who Obeys His or Her Conscience, 871 Words   |  4 Pageswill lead to the right choices in life. Two examples of literature that strongly support this quote can be found in Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck, as well as The Crucible by Arthur Miller. The use of literary elements, such as rising action, dramatic irony, mood and foreshadowing. In Arthur Miller s, The Crucible, John Proctor is faced with a life or death situation. Even though John Proctor virtually has the choice of which path to follow, life or death, there are many other variablesRead MoreTension in Arthur Millers The Crucible Essay991 Words   |  4 PagesTension in Arthur Millers The Crucible Though The Crucible is set against the background of the Salem witch trials in 1629, it reflects the McCarthy anti-communism trials of 1950s America. The citizens of Salem (Massachusetts) had Puritan beliefs and were very religious. Due to their strong Christian beliefs, there was a great fear that people could form compacts with the devil and they even believed witchcraft and supernatural events really existed. Arthur MillerRead MoreThe Dramatic Effect of the First Act in Arthur Millers The Crucible1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dramatic Effect of the First Act in Arthur Millers The Crucible The Crucible is set in Salem in 1692. It is about a group of girls who are accused of witchcraft by the people of Salem, and they are put on trial for it. The story is centred on a man named John Proctor who is a farmer in the town, and it is about his affairs, his everyday ones and his sexual ones. There are many themes in The Crucible, deceit, religion, fear, guilt and the evading of peoples privacy

Beaten Like Dogs Free Essays

Beaten Like Dogs ? â€Å"They went by, fallen, dragging their packs, dragging their lives, deserting their childhood, cringing like beaten dogs. † This quote stated in the book the Night written by Elie Wiesel. This quote simply sums up the book in a few words. We will write a custom essay sample on Beaten Like Dogs or any similar topic only for you Order Now For me it shows the indescribable misery endured by the Jewish people. This quote really has a deep impact on me. It makes me realize how lucky I am, to live in a country where there is a freedom to practice whatever religion you want to be a part of. It makes me feel so bad for all the torture that the Jews suffered. When I think about the gas chambers, the starvation, and the abuse, I put myself in the position of a Jewish person. If my family was told we were all going to shower, and finally be clean, and we were actually being executed. It makes me sick to my stomach. The disgust the images from this quote bring to me, I will never forget. When I juxtapose my life with an 18 year old Jewish boy’s life in 1945 I realize the suffrage that they went through. I choose to have a job, which I get paid for. While a Jewish boy at this time would be forced to do hard labor for no pay and if they refuse they would be brutally murdered. I eat everyday three meals a day but this boy however gets little to no food. Could I live like this? Suffering everyday surviving physical and mental torture. I really don’t think I could, all of the people, good innocent people being persecuted for their religion I have realized were stronger then the over compensating Nazi’s who got there high from literally breaking down these good people. This quote has changed the way I look at my life and the freedom and choices I get to make every day. Such as: school, clothing, sports, and my job. Also the quote has changed my view on abusive parents. I’ve always known this is a bad thing, but the quote makes me picture how an abused child could feel on the inside. In my opinion Wiesel named the book â€Å"Night† because the Jewish people in the death camps felt like they were trapped in the darkness, and would never see the light of day again. How to cite Beaten Like Dogs, Essay examples

Business Organizations Are Collaborations †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Business Organizations Are Collaborations? Answer: Introducation Business organisations are collaborations by individual or groups of individuals to earn commercial goals like profits. Some business organisations are formed to gain capital maximisation for the owners while others are formed for offering social services and are non profit organisations. Business start-ups are synthesis of funds, entrepreneurial leadership, ideas and other driving factors leadings towards growth and profits. A fast food business would be a great start-up and it would be named Sydney Fried Chicken (SFC). It would be a medium sized business operating in Sydney but aim to spread to the other parts of Australia and even overseas. The business strategy of SFC would offering quality fast food at affordable prices. The vision of the SFC would be to earn revenue and grow by offering customers high quality fast food. The organisation structure that would be best suited for SFC would be a centralised organisation structure where the decision making power lies in the hands of the owners. This structure is best suited for the start-ups because in the initial phases they lack the human resources competent enough to take business decisions. They have limited resources and have to allocate it efficiently to operate the business so as to gain minimum revenue in that phase. This limited resources and the constant threats from the competitive market necessitate prudent decision making to exploit the market opportunities. Thus, considering the limited human resources to take decisions and the continuous challenges from external and internal environment necessitates centralised organisational structure to take decisions(Alvesson Sveningsson, 2015). The important external environmental factors impacting SFC would political, economic, social, legal and environmental. These factors would have deep impact on the start-up business organisation but are out of its control. However the business organisation has to incorporate these macroeconomic factors while making strategies and business decisions. It also has to consider those impacts which are specific to a particular industry. The government laws and taxation policies are applicable for all business organisations. The fast food business organisations like SFC have to obtain food license and abide by laws which are specific to fast food business. For example, the Sydney Fried Chicken has to follow the Food Safety Standards prevalent in Australia. If SFC wants to expand its business to New Zealand, it has to follow New Zealands Food Act 1981. The businesses similarly make pricing strategies according to the income of their target groups of customers.( Hogan Coote, 2014). It has to find the gap between the expectations and the actual product offerings in the market. SFC would utilise this gap say, lack of healthy and tasty fast food which is affordable, to attract customers. This market opportunities would require it to lower its product prices yet keeping the quality same. The business organisations are required to produce new products and bring about changes in their existing products to meet the ever changing needs of the customers (Mills, 2017). Thus, the macroeconomic factors like government laws and customer consumption patterns have great impact on start-up business organisations. The business organisations come under a variety of internal environmental impacts like employee, organisational culture and competence of the apex management(Zyphur, Zammuto Zhang, 2016). These factors influence the performances of the firms but are under the control of the respective organisations. For example, positive and motivating organisations encourage the employees to be more efficient and achieve their individual targets. This contributes towards high organisational performances and growth in the market. Similarly, a competent apex management having deep knowledge about consumers and markets can take appropriate business decisions to exploit market opportunities. Risks are integral parts of business activities and vary from industry to industry. The fast food businesses confront strategic risks due to changes in the customer preferences of fast food and changes in their food habits. One such strategic risk SFC is liable to encounter is the growth awareness among the people about the ill effects of fast food items like obesity. They may shift towards healthy food items which would the sale of fast food and result in business losses. The fast food business encounter compliance risks if they do not comply to laws made by the governments and the apex bodies. Such breach of law attracts serious consequences like penalty and government actions. Operational risks happen when employees execute strategies wrongly and inefficiently. Such risks cause heavy losses of resources and goodwill(Helms, Mills Mills, 2017). The start-up business organisations like SFC face challenges from the already established fast food businesses in the market. This often re sults in heavy initial losses or even total failure of the entrepreneurial business ventures(OReilly et al., 2014). This risks of failure or financial risks require appropriate decision making in the activities. The failure to comply with law, customer satisfaction or inefficient employees results in poor organisational performance and causes reputational risks. An analysis of the characteristics of the risks some risks like operational and compliance risks can be dealt with by the companies by forming strategies. However, reputational risks and strategic risks are beyond the companies control and are capable of causing serious damage to business even in the long run. The new start business named Sydney Fried Chicken would adopt sustainable business practices to enhance organisational performances. The business should acquire raw materials like bread and organic ingredients from the local farmers. This way the business organisation would encourage economic growth of the local farmers which would help the former to strengthen its goodwill in the society. The business would try to achieve energy sustainability to become more environment friendly. The firm would recycle the wastes from manufacturing of the food products and use it to provide less polluting energy like biogas. This will allow the company to save a large amount of money towards purchase of raw materials. SFC can use this amount saved to invest in more securities to earn more ROI. The company sell its surplus energy to other companies and gain competitive advantage in the market. This proves that sustainability can be adopted as the crux of the business to enhance organisational perform ances(Bschgens, Bausch Balkin, 2013). The most important functions at Sydney Fried Chicken would be acquiring orders from the clients, preparing the food items according to their orders, delivering the food items to the clients and securing feedback from them. The important departments would be human resources, finance, marketing, kitchen, customer care and front office. The finance department would initiate the process by advancing financial resources to the human resource to hire employees. The human resources department in turn provides the other departments like finance and marketing with efficient human resources. The marketing department creates demand for the fast food products by promoting SFC products (Glisson et al., 2016). The front office staff would take orders from the customers who walk in and forward the orders to the kitchen department. The customer care department would accept orders over the telephone and online. Then it would communicate these orders to the kitchen department. The kitchen department w ould prepare the food items based on physical, online and over the telephone orders. Then the front office staffs would present the food items to the customers at their table. The human resource department would also hire delivery staffs to deliver the fast food items to the customers places. Both the delivery and the front office staffs should secure feedbacks from the customers and gain their details. The marketing department should use the details to make its data base which they can use in the future to secure more orders for fast food. The amount of money collected should be taken care of by the finance departments. It must support the kitchen department with funds to acquire raw materials to make fast food from sustainable sources like local farmers. The finance department of SFC should also allocate funds to the market departments to market the fast food products of SFC. It must also look into salary and incentives of the staff members including the delivery boys. These business practices would lead to securing of many orders from the customers at the business premises, online and over the telephone. The kitchen staff would prepare the fast food ite ms according to the orders. The front office and the delivery staff would provide the customers with high quality fast food. These business practices would result in security of bulk orders and providing the customers with superior quality fast food. This would generate high profits and yield SFC a loyal customer base which would expand with time. This expanding loyal customer base would encourage further business expansion of SFC to locations in Australia and abroad (Manojlovich Ketefian, 2016). It can be concluded from that individuals and groups start entrepreneurial ventures to start a business and earn higher profits. The external and internal forces have serious impact on the firms. This require the firms like SFC to form business strategies to sustain and grow in the market. The formation of strategies would require the departments of SFC to collaborate and coordinate with each other. This would result in successful execution of business strategies to take advantage of the market opportunities. References: Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015).Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., Fiet, J. O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta?analytic review.Entrepreneurship theory and practice,38(2), 217-254. Bschgens, T., Bausch, A., Balkin, D. B. (2013). Organizational culture and innovation: A meta?analytic review.Journal of product innovation management,30(4), 763-781.. Drucker, P. (2014).Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Foodstandards.gov.au. (2017). Food safety standards (Australia only). [online] Available at: https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/industry/safetystandards/pages/default.aspx [Accessed 9 Aug. 2017]. Glisson, C., Williams, N. J., Hemmelgarn, A., Proctor, E., Green, P. (2016). Increasing clinicians' EBT exploration and preparation behavior in youth mental health services by changing organizational culture with ARC.Behaviour research and therapy,76, 40-46. Helms Mills, J. C., Mills, A. J. (2017). Rules, Sensemaking, Formative Contexts, and Discourse in the Gendering of Organizational Culture?. InInsights and Research on the Study of Gender and Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures(pp. 49-69). Emerald Publishing Limited. Hogan, S. J., Coote, L. V. (2014). Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1609-1621. Mills, A. J. (2017). Studying the Gendering of Organizational Culture over Time: Concerns, Issues, and Strategie. InInsights and Research on the Study of Gender and Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures(pp. 71-91). Emerald Publishing Limited. Morris, M. H., Shirokova, G., Shatalov, A. (2013). The business model and firm performance: The case of Russian food service ventures.Journal of Small Business Management,51(1), 46-65. OReilly III, C. A., Caldwell, D. F., Chatman, J. A., Doerr, B. (2014). The promise and problems of organizational culture: CEO personality, culture, and firm performance.Group Organization Management,39(6), 595-625. Zyphur, M. J., Zammuto, R. F., Zhang, Z. (2016). Multilevel latent polynomial regression for modeling (in) congruence across organizational groups: The case of organizational culture research.Organizational Research Methods,19(1), 53-79.